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The Minnesota Radon Licensing Act (Minnesota Statutes 144.4961) was passed by the legislature and signed into law in May 2015. This act gives Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) the authority to write rules and enforce laws related to the radon industry in the state. Professionals and companies that measure for radon, mitigate for radon or perform radon analysis in the State of Minnesota are required to be licensed and use system tags. I am now good until December 2024. Minnesota Radon Licensing Act 144.4961 https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/144.4961 Radon Measurement Professional License 4620.7200 https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/4620.7200/

A Historical Perspective on 30-Year Mortgage Rates Introduction The 30-year fixed mortgage rate has long been a cornerstone of the American housing market. It not only influences the cost of homeownership but also serves as a key indicator of broader economic trends. The chart below offers a compelling visual narrative of the shifts in mortgage rates over the past five decades. Averaging 7.73% since 1971, these rates have been shaped by macroeconomic forces, monetary policy decisions, global crises, and structural changes in the economy. This post takes a decade-by-decade look at the underlying reasons for these fluctuations and how they have influenced housing supply, demand, and pricing dynamics. The 1970s: Stagflation and the Beginning of Volatility The 1970s marked the beginning of a turbulent era in interest rate history. Early in the decade, mortgage rates hovered around 7-8%, but by the end, they had surged to over 12%. Key Drivers: Stagflation: The U.S. economy experienced the rare phenomenon of high inflation combined with stagnant growth. Oil Crises: The oil embargo of 1973 and the Iran Revolution of 1979 created energy shortages and spurred inflation. Loose Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve was slow to raise interest rates in response to inflation, which further exacerbated the problem. Impact on Housing: Demand for housing declined due to higher borrowing costs. Homeownership affordability deteriorated. Builders slowed production, tightening future housing supply. The 1980s: The Volcker Shock and Historic Highs The 1980s were characterized by some of the highest mortgage rates in U.S. history. Rates peaked at nearly 18% in 1981. Key Drivers: Paul Volcker's Federal Reserve: To tame inflation, Volcker raised the federal funds rate to record levels, triggering a recession but eventually breaking inflationary expectations. Tight Monetary Policy: The Fed maintained a strict monetary stance throughout the early 1980s. Economic Recession: High interest rates led to reduced spending and borrowing, triggering a deep recession in the early part of the decade. Impact on Housing: Homebuyers were priced out of the market; demand plummeted. Home prices stagnated or declined in many areas. Adjustable-rate mortgages became more popular as fixed-rate loans became unaffordable. Home construction slowed dramatically. The 1990s: Stability and Gradual Decline Mortgage rates declined through most of the 1990s, stabilizing between 7-9% for much of the decade. Key Drivers: Disinflation: The aggressive policies of the 1980s worked. Inflation subsided. Economic Expansion: The 1990s saw robust GDP growth, technological innovation, and rising productivity. Federal Reserve Policy: The Fed, under Alan Greenspan, carefully managed monetary policy, keeping inflation in check without stalling growth. Impact on Housing: More predictable and affordable mortgage rates improved homebuyer confidence. Home prices rose steadily, supported by increasing demand. The housing market rebounded, with new construction gaining pace. Real estate became an attractive long-term investment. The 2000s: The Boom and the Bust The 2000s began with relatively stable rates but ended in financial turmoil and the Great Recession. Key Drivers: Tech Bubble Burst and 9/11: Early 2000s shocks prompted the Fed to lower interest rates to historic lows. Loose Lending Standards: Subprime mortgages proliferated, fueled by low rates and deregulation. Housing Bubble: Easy credit led to a surge in home buying and speculative investment. 2008 Financial Crisis: The bubble burst, leading to widespread defaults, foreclosures, and a global financial meltdown. Impact on Housing: Initial surge in housing demand and home prices. Subsequent crash in prices (2007-2009) as the market corrected. Foreclosure crisis decimated supply chains and consumer confidence. Home construction ground to a halt, creating a future supply crunch. The 2010s: Recovery and Historic Lows Mortgage rates in the 2010s reached unprecedented lows, hovering between 3-5% for much of the decade. Key Drivers: Quantitative Easing (QE): The Fed purchased government securities to keep interest rates low. Slow Recovery: Economic recovery from the Great Recession was slow and uneven. Low Inflation: Despite massive stimulus, inflation remained subdued. Global Uncertainty: Events like the Eurozone crisis and trade tensions created a risk-averse climate that kept rates low. Impact on Housing: Renewed affordability spurred homebuying. Millennials began entering the housing market. Home prices rose steadily as demand outpaced sluggish new construction. Inventory shortages began to emerge due to underbuilding post-crisis. The 2020s (through 2025): Pandemic, Stimulus, and Rebalancing The early 2020s have been a rollercoaster for interest rates, driven largely by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic interventions. Key Drivers: COVID-19 Pandemic: Massive global economic shutdown prompted swift central bank action. Record-Low Rates: In 2020, rates fell below 3%, the lowest in U.S. history. Fiscal Stimulus: Trillions of dollars in aid increased liquidity and purchasing power. Post-Pandemic Inflation: Demand rebounded while supply chains lagged, creating inflation. Federal Reserve Rate Hikes: To combat inflation, the Fed began aggressively raising rates starting in 2022. Impact on Housing: Homebuying surged in 2020-2021 due to low rates and remote work flexibility. Prices skyrocketed due to demand-supply imbalance. As rates rose in 2022-2024, affordability declined sharply. Home prices began to stabilize or even dip in some overheated markets. Builders remained cautious, deepening the long-term supply issue. Broad Impacts of Mortgage Rates on Supply, Demand, and Pricing 1. Interest Rates and Demand Low Rates = High Demand: Buyers can afford more house for the same monthly payment, increasing demand. High Rates = Low Demand: Borrowing becomes expensive, sidelining potential buyers. 2. Interest Rates and Supply Low Rates = Builder Confidence: Developers are more willing to invest in new projects. High Rates = Supply Freeze: Builders pull back, fearing decreased sales and tighter profit margins. Rate Lock-In Effect: Homeowners with low rates are less likely to sell, reducing inventory. 3. Interest Rates and Prices Low Rates Fuel Price Growth: More buyers competing for limited inventory drive up prices. High Rates Cool Price Growth: As affordability declines, prices stabilize or fall. Lagging Effects: Rate changes affect housing markets with a delay due to transaction timelines and psychological inertia. Conclusion: The Long View of Mortgage Rates and Housing Dynamics From the stagflation of the 1970s to the pandemic of the 2020s, the 30-year mortgage rate has mirrored the economic pulse of the nation. While today's rates may feel high compared to the ultra-low levels of the 2010s, they remain below the historical average. Understanding the drivers behind rate movements—inflation, monetary policy, global shocks, and economic cycles—is key to interpreting their impact on the housing market. Ultimately, the relationship between mortgage rates, supply, demand, and home prices is both complex and cyclical. As we look ahead, the lessons from the past five decades remind us that while rates rise and fall, the housing market adapts, reshapes, and renews itself with each turn of the economic tide.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” marks its 100 anniversary today as a cornerstone of classic American literature. Initially a commercial disappointment—selling fewer than 25,000 copies during his lifetime—it gained traction during World War II through military distribution. Since then, it has sold over 30 million copies worldwide and remains a staple in high school curricula.   Set in 1922 Long Island and New York City, the novel explores the illusion of the American dream through Jay Gatsby’s doomed pursuit of wealth and love. Inspired by Fitzgerald’s youthful romance with socialite Ginevera King and his time on Long Island’s North Shore during the Jazz Age, its themes of aspiration, class divides, and moral decay remain relevant to readers today. Now in the public domain, it has inspired at least four feature films, several TV episodes, an opera, two musicals, and more.   Centennial celebrations include a Broadway toast, a Library of Congress reading, and the Empire State Building being illuminated in green — a nod to Gatsby’s iconic symbol of hope. One hundred years ago, F. Scott Fitzgerald enchanted readers with a tale of love, lust, wealth and woe. As  The Great Gatsby  celebrates its centennial, the Empire State Building will light up green in honor of the green light that Jay Gatsby famously watches over the water.  On April 11, Broadway stars will flip the ceremonial switch to light the Empire State Building in green, so keep an eye out for the glowing light in the sky, just like Jay Gatsby would have. This celebration is part of many more Gatsby-themed events across NYC this month that celebrate Fitzgerald's landmark novel published on April 10, 1925. Book Cover

It could be stressful to sell your house. Enlisting it on the market is also a very personal experience for you. Why wouldn’t it be? The potential homebuyers and their real estate agents will be walking through – and criticizing everything. Whether it be the curb appeal or square footage, they will have their opinion about everything. And if you want to secure a great deal, you need your home to appear the finest before them. After all, everyone desires a strong return on their investment. Like many, your house might also be your most significant investment. Thus, it is important that your property gives back the reward of putting in all the time and effort. But how to ensure that? One way is scheduling a pre-listing inspection. It works like the last nail you need to hit and get the upper hand while making the deal. This blog will highlight the importance of a pre-listing insection, covering the significant reasons why you need to get one. Understand Your Property’s Condition Once you conduct a pre-listing inspection, the inspector provides you with the most accurate evaluation of your house’s state. You will get the vital information that will help you list your home. A great deal about these inspections is that they will enlighten you about major defects in your house. And you can handle these before enlisting your property. You shall know that it’s common for buyers to back out of the deal once their inspector discovers issues with the property during the inspection. In fact, the frequency of buyers backing out for this reason is 3.9% nationwide. It’s ideal for you to schedule your inspection first. Address the issues found during the inspection. And lastly, put your house on the market. Eventually, this will reduce your chances of losing any potential buyer. They won’t be able to find the hidden defect, so, no backing out of the deal. You Can Make Advanced Repairs Once the inspector discovers the issue, it’s time for you to discuss it with your agent. You can partner with them to decide which ones need fixing before listing. While the ones left, you can disclose them to the buyer, separately. Furthermore, if you decide to make some home repairs or upgrades, you will have enough time to find contractors and compare prices. This will save you money, time, and stress as you’ll be able to control the projects. Sometimes, it is also best to leave some of the repairs as per the buyer’s choice. This might lead to an unsuccessful sale, though. But that’s not always the case. The new owner also wants to control the repairs per their needs and wants. The best way to decide what should be your steps is to work with your agent. They will guide you with the best action plan per your situation. And your home will be ready for sale in no time. Accurate Pricing of Your Home No buyer likes a home that’s overly priced. And no seller likes to underprice their home. Therefore, sellers always seem perplexed about choosing the right price for their property. They want to choose a price that might not scare away the potential property. And, of course, they also don’t want to lose their money by settling lower prices. So, pre-listing inspection is the best way to get as close as possible to the perfect price. You can also work with your listing agent and use a pre-listing report not unjustly to set your home’s price. Whereas, if the buyer still criticizes or objects to the price, you can always use the inspection report to justify the listing price. Avoid a Buyer Home Inspection Often, buyers plan on getting their own home inspection before buying the house. But, if you provide them with your pre-listing home inspection report, they might think of forgoing their own inspection. After all, what’s the point when the inspector won’t be able to find any significant defects? This won’t only save the buyer’s time, but they will also be able to save their money. This is a plus; buying a house is as stressful as selling one. Skipping some steps won’t only accelerate the process but will also be advantageous for both parties. Moreover, if your house is listed as “inspected,” then it will be more appealing to potential buyers. This might work as a catalyst for your deal. Of course, buyers can still choose to get their home inspection and compare their inspection results with yours. This will allow them to buy the house with complete peace of mind, and they might not choose to negotiate the price. Earn Credibility and Trust You want your life’s biggest deal to be based on trust and credibility. This is a significant reason to get a pre-listing inspection. During the process, it’s important that you gain the buyer’s trust if you want to close the deal quickly. A house is a major investment people make in their lives. So, most buyers take every step with utmost precision and remain very careful when buying a home. With your inspection report, they can feel the security and safety in their decision to buy your house. Not to forget, getting the buyer’s trust is an advantage during the home-selling process. Less Negotiations One factor that almost every home seller runs away from is negotiations. This mostly happens when the buyer plans to inspect the house. Most of the time, these negotiations focus on fixing the issues that their inspector finds. But you can skip all of this with a pre-listing inspection on your end. With this, you can account for your home’s condition and work on the disclosure with your real estate agent. This isn’t just a benefit for the seller but also for the buyer as they will get accurate and reliable information. Both of the parties will stay on the same page throughout the transaction. In case the buyer’s inspection reveals new problems, you can always compare the report and call the inspector. This way, you can have another consultation and clear up any doubts. Conclusion We can never overstate the importance of a pre-listing inspection. You can gain invaluable insights into your property’s condition by scheduling an inspection before putting a home on the market. This way, you can address every issue proactively. Not only will this help set a realistic asking price…but it will also foster trust and transparency with potential buyers. Furthermore, this leads to smoother transactions and possibly even higher offers. You can also gain knowledge and make informed decisions. Eventually, negotiating from a position of strength. On the whole, investing in a pre-listing inspection is a strategic move. This will save you time, money, and stress while maximizing the value of your home sale. Ready to experience the peace of mind and confidence of a thorough home inspection? Contact WEST EGG today to schedule your comprehensive inspection and take the first step towards a smoother, more successful home-selling journey. Don’t wait – book your inspection now!

You might have thought you were hearing about radon for the last time in your chemistry class. But, SURPRISE! Radon exists beyond the periodic table, actually. And it might be there in the house you’re about to buy. High radon levels aren’t a good sign and definitely a red flag for your potential house. How do you know whether it exists in the house? You can always get a radon test to ensure that the house is free of radon; if not, you can think about the further steps you would be taking in the future. In this blog, we’ll emphasize the importance of radon testing in your potential house and what makes it a non-negotiable step in your home-buying step. Let’s first start with what really is radon. What Is Radon? The American Cancer Society states that radon within the house is caused by airborne radon gas that decays into minute radioactive elements known as radon progeny. These elements can lodge in the lining of the lungs and emit radiation, which can eventually cause damage to lung cells. And worse, it can result in lung cancer. And to your surprise, it’s the second most common cause of lung cancer after smoking. Usually, radon-related lung cancer occurs in smokers. Yet, high radon levels can still pose a threat to non-smokers. So, it’s important to take precautions to ensure your home’s indoor air quality is maintained and you can promise your loved ones a safe living environment.  If you’re thinking that we’ll handle the issue once we “see” it, then know that radon is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. You can’t see it, but you can definitely witness its consequences. This is exactly what makes the radon testing an essential part of your home-buying process. Is Radon Testing Really Necessary When Buying A Home? Getting a radon test is not “really” necessary, but we’d recommend that you get one before buying a house. As they say, “Prevention is always better than cure.” We already mentioned that radon is the second most common reason behind lung cancer. But that’s not it. The gas also causes another health issue among the exposed: respiratory issues. Therefore, you want to ensure that the house you’re investing in is aesthetically pleasing, safe, and livable. How To Test For Radon? You always have a choice here as you can choose from two kinds of tests. The first one is done by a professional (and we highly recommend this one). The second one is a DIY that you can perform just by buying a testing kit from a hardware store. When performing a do-it-yourself test, you will place the kit at the lowest point in your home for a minimum of 48 hours. After performing the test, you will submit it to a lab for analysis. For a professional test, contact a radon professional organization like WEST EGG that can perform a test for you and give you better insights into the radon levels. Short-Term Tests You usually get your results within 2-3 days with a short-term test. This gives you ample time to decide whether you need to take further preventive or mitigating steps, depending on the severity of the issues. However, if the issue is severe, you can also choose to back out of the deal. Obviously, you don’t want to buy a red flag, do you? Typically, these tests are cheaper. But it entirely depends on whether you choose to DIY or conduct professional tests. Of course, a DIY will cost less than a professional test. Long-Term Tests Your radon will be monitored for up to a year and longer during a long-term test. This is because radon levels can vary, and since longer-term testing accounts for a longer time frame, they may be more accurate. If significant radon levels are found, a professional typically advises you to take a long-term test after the short-term one. Radon Testing And Home Inspection In the context of home inspections, radon testing is important since it adds a critical level of knowledge for prospective purchasers. Traditional home inspections focus on a house’s outside and structural elements, but the testing explores the interior and finds possible heath risks. As part of your due diligence, you should make sure that radon testing is a part of the home inspection procedure. You can do this by contacting companies that perform home inspections or testing. WEST EGG provides both!! Considering the potentially dire effects of increased radon levels, it’s an extra layer of protection. It is recommended to include the testing within the house inspection procedure. The best part is that they have recommendation for mitigation methods besides performing the inspection. What Should You Do If You Buy A House With High Radon Levels? There aren’t any accessible medical tests that measure radon exposure. You must make an effort to quit smoking if you have been exposed to elevated radon levels. Smoking and radon exposure together significantly increase the risk of lung cancer compared to each exposure factor alone. Discuss with your doctor whether you should undergo screening tests for lung cancer or just routine checkups to ensure there are no symptoms of the disease if you believe you may have been exposed to high amounts of radon for extended periods. Be aware of the following signs of lung cancer:  Shortness of breath New or worsening cough Tightness or pain in the chest Hoarseness Difficulty swallowing  If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor right away. Conclusion In conclusion, the importance of radon testing in the home buying process can’t be emphasized enough, considering the severe health risks associated with prolonged exposure to this colorless, odorless gas. The potentially life-threatening consequences, particularly the increased risk of lung cancer, underscore the non-negotiable nature of incorporating radon testing into the home-buying process. With the ease and accessibility of radon testing methods, ensuring homes are free from elevated radon levels is a responsible and essential measure you shouldn’t miss before buying the property. By making radon testing non-negotiable in home purchases, you can take a significant step toward fostering healthier living environments and safeguarding the long-term health of your loved ones.

There’s nothing quite like ending the day with a good book, especially when you’re curled up in bed next to the one you love. For my wife and me, this evening ritual of reading together has become one of our favorite ways to wind down. However, the lighting situation in our bedroom wasn’t ideal. We had a small bedside lamp on one side of the bed, but they didn’t quite cut it — the lighting was uneven, the shadows were annoying, and honestly, it just wasn’t as cozy as we wanted. So, I decided to take on a little weekend project: adding two recessed lights in the ceiling above our bed. Not only would this provide better lighting for our evening reads, but I also wanted them dimmable to adjust the ambiance as needed. The final result exceeded our expectations — and now I want to walk you through exactly how I did it. If you’ve been considering a similar upgrade, read on. I’ll take you through the full process, from planning and layout to the final installation. Step 1: Planning the Project Before I ever touched a tool, I started with a clear vision: two recessed lights, centered over our bed, aimed directly at where our books would be when we read. That meant I had to carefully plan their placement for functionality and aesthetics. I wanted the lights symmetrical and spaced just right to avoid hot spots or dark patches. I also had to be mindful of the ceiling structure. In our home, the ceiling above our bedroom is directly beneath the attic, which has blown-in insulation. That meant I needed to use IC-rated recessed lighting cans, which are designed to safely operate in insulated ceilings without the risk of overheating. Another important factor was where to run the wiring. I wanted the switch conveniently located near the door with the other switches. Luckily, there was an existing double-gang electrical box with one opening from my ceiling fan installation years ago. My plan was to tap into this box and install a dimmer switch to control the new recessed lights. Step 2: Locating the Ceiling Joists One of the first physical tasks was to figure out where the ceiling joists (roof trusses) ran. It’s crucial to avoid cutting into them when installing recessed light housings. To find them, I was hoping to use my stud finder but it did not work well with the textured ceiling. It does work well with smooth walls. So I had to go old school here and knock on the ceiling and try to determine where it sounded hollow (between joists) and where it sounded solid (joists). I took painter's tape and them out making sure they were 16" OC. Next I drilled a small exploratory hole and put a long wire with a flag attached. From there I went up in the attic and found the flag under all the blown insulation. I was about 1" off on my knocking technique. I rearranged all my tape on the ceiling below to match what I discovered above in the attic. This was an important step, not just to avoid the joists themselves but to ensure I had enough space between them to place my can lights without interference. Step 3: Determining the Layout for the Lights Once I had the joist locations marked, I measured the width of our bed and centered everything from there. My goal was to install one recessed light above each person’s side of the bed — centered approximately where our heads and books would be while reading. After a few measurements and mock-ups with painter’s tape on the ceiling, I settled on the spacing that I was happy with and each light 16 inches from the headboard wall. This layout gave us great coverage without over-lighting the area. I double-checked the planned locations to make sure they were between joists — not too close to either side — and I marked the center point for each light. Step 4: Cutting the Ceiling Openings With the layout finalized, I grabbed my drywall saw and cut two clean, round holes in the ceiling at the marked locations. I used the template provided with the recessed light housings to ensure an exact fit. If you’re doing this yourself, take your time with this step. You don’t want to make a mistake here — a misaligned or oversized hole is tough to fix once the drywall is cut. As I cut through the ceiling drywall, some insulation naturally dropped down through the holes, so I had a vacuum and trash bag ready. Step 5: Choosing the Right Recessed Light Cans Because we have blown-in insulation in our attic, I selected IC-rated, airtight recessed cans. IC (Insulation Contact) rating ensures that the fixture won’t overheat even if insulation surrounds it. The airtight rating helps prevent warm air from leaking into the attic — an added bonus for energy efficiency. I went with 6-inch LED-compatible housings that are low-profile and designed for retrofit installs. These were perfect because they could be wired and slipped into place from below, without needing full attic access. Step 6: Wiring the Lights in Series In the room, I wired each one by connecting the black, white, and ground wires from one fixture to the next. I used wire nuts and electrical tape for extra security, then pushed the wiring neatly into the junction box in each can. Once I had the cans wired in series I placed them in the ceiling and secured them. Then I went up into attic and ran a longer stretch of wire from the second light over to the wall where the existing electrical box was located. Step 7: Running the Wire to the Wall and Down to the Switch This part took some patience and some help from my wife. From the attic, I knew I already had a hole in the top plates above the electrical box. I fished the wire down into the wall cavity and my wife pulled it through the open section of the double-gang box. I already had a regular switch and an outlet in that box, but there was enough space to install a dimmer switch for the new recessed lights. I made sure the dimmer was LED-compatible, so the lights would operate without flicker or buzz. Step 8: Installing the Dimmer Switch With the wire pulled through, I connected it to the new dimmer switch. I wired the hot and neutral leads properly, grounded everything securely, and screwed the switch into the box. I replaced the old faceplate with a new one that fit the two elements — old switch, and the new dimmer — and turned the power back on at the breaker. Moment of truth: I flipped the dimmer switch on and — boom! — the recessed lights lit up the space just the way I imagined. Smooth, even lighting that could be bright for focused reading or dimmed for a relaxing wind-down. Step 9: Final Assembly and Trim Once everything was working correctly, I went back and secured the recessed cans in the ceiling using the clips provided. Then I attached the trim and LED inserts. I opted for warm white 2700K LEDs, which gave the room a cozy, inviting glow — perfect for a bedroom. The slim, modern trim on the fixtures blended beautifully with the ceiling and didn’t draw attention. It was the kind of upgrade that looked like it had always been there. Step 10: Enjoying the Results That night, my wife and I each grabbed our books, flipped on the dimmer, and cozied up under the new lights. What a difference! The recessed lights created focused pools of soft light directly where we needed them — no glare, no awkward shadows, just a warm glow that made reading in bed more enjoyable than ever. The dimmer allows us to adjust the brightness depending on our mood — high when we’re alert and engaged in a gripping novel, low when we’re winding down with some light reading. It’s amazing how such a small project — a couple of lights and a dimmer — can completely transform how a room feels and functions. Final Thoughts If you love reading in bed but feel your current lighting just isn’t cutting it, adding recessed lights might be the perfect solution. It’s a DIY-friendly project if you’re comfortable with basic electrical work, and it offers a big return in comfort and enjoyment. Here are a few quick takeaways from my project: • Plan carefully. Measure everything twice and check joist placement before cutting. • Use IC-rated lights if you have attic insulation. • Install a dimmer to make the lighting more versatile and cozy. • Work safely. Always shut off power at the breaker and follow electrical codes. Now, every night ends with the flip of a switch, a cozy pool of light, and a good book in hand — just the way it should be.

The snow has melted (hopefully for good!), the birds are singing, and the days are getting longer here in the Twin Cities. Spring is a time of renewal, and that includes giving your home some much-needed attention after a long winter. At WEST EGG, we see firsthand how neglecting seasonal maintenance can lead to bigger, costlier problems down the road – issues that often come up during a home inspection. Think of spring maintenance as preventative care for your biggest investment. By tackling these tasks now, you not only keep your home safe and comfortable but also protect its value and potentially avoid unpleasant surprises during a future inspection. Here's our essential spring checklist, looking at your home through the eyes of an inspector: Exterior Essentials: The First Line of Defense Winter weather can be harsh. Start your spring maintenance by inspecting the exterior elements that protect your home. Roof & Gutters: Task:  Visually inspect your roof from the ground (use binoculars if needed) for missing, damaged, or curling shingles. Check flashing around chimneys, vents, and skylights. Thoroughly clean gutters and downspouts of leaves and debris. Ensure downspouts direct water at least 3-6 feet away from your foundation. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  Damaged roofing is a primary entry point for water, leading to leaks, attic mold, and structural damage. Clogged gutters cause water to overflow, potentially damaging siding, landscaping, and even the foundation – all major red flags in an inspection. Siding & Trim: Task:  Walk around your home, looking for cracks, holes, warping, or rot in siding and trim (wood, vinyl, brick, etc.). Check for peeling paint or damaged caulking around windows and doors. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  The building envelope needs to be sealed. Gaps or damage allow water and pests entry, compromising insulation and structure. Peeling paint indicates moisture issues or lack of maintenance. Foundation & Grading: Task:  Examine the visible foundation for cracks (especially horizontal or stair-step cracks in masonry). Ensure the ground around your foundation slopes away  from the house. Fill any low spots near the foundation with compacted soil. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  Foundation issues are serious and costly. Proper grading is crucial to prevent water from pooling against the foundation, which can lead to leaks, settling, and structural damage. Windows & Doors: Task:  Check seals and caulking for wear and tear. Repair or replace damaged window screens. Ensure doors close and latch properly. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  Damaged seals lead to energy loss and potential water intrusion. Intact screens keep pests out. Proper door function relates to security and energy efficiency. Decks, Patios & Walkways: Task:  Inspect decks for loose or rotting boards, wobbly railings, and proper flashing where attached to the house. Check patios and walkways for cracks or uneven surfaces that could be trip hazards. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  Deck safety (especially ledger board attachment and railing stability) is paramount. Trip hazards on walkways and patios are safety concerns inspectors note. Air Conditioning Unit: Task:  Clear away any leaves, grass clippings, or debris that accumulated around the outdoor condenser unit over winter. Ensure shrubs are trimmed back at least 2 feet. Consider scheduling a professional HVAC tune-up. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  Proper airflow is essential for AC efficiency and longevity. Restricted airflow strains the system. An inspector checks the age and apparent condition of the HVAC system. Interior Integrity: Comfort & Safety Checks Once the exterior is assessed, move inside to check key systems and areas. Basement & Crawl Space: Task:  Check for dampness, musty odors, visible mold, efflorescence (white chalky stains on walls), or new cracks in foundation walls. Test your sump pump if you have one. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  Moisture intrusion in basements and crawl spaces is a major concern, leading to mold, rot, pests, and structural issues. Sump pump failure can cause significant flooding. Attic: Task:  Look for signs of roof leaks (water stains on insulation or underside of roof sheathing), pest intrusion (droppings, nests), and adequate insulation/ventilation. Ensure vents aren't blocked. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  The attic reveals much about the roof's health, energy efficiency (insulation levels), and potential pest problems. Proper ventilation prevents moisture buildup and extends roof life. Plumbing: Task:  Check under sinks, around toilets, and near the water heater for any signs of leaks or corrosion. Look for dripping faucets. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  Even small leaks waste water and can cause significant hidden damage over time. Active leaks are always noted during inspections. Safety Devices: Task:  Test all smoke detectors and carbon monoxide (CO) detectors. Replace batteries (spring is a great time to do this annually!). Check expiration dates – most detectors need replacing every 7-10 years. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  Functional smoke and CO detectors are non-negotiable safety items. Inspectors verify their presence and (often) test them. Dryer Vent: Task:  Clean the lint trap after every  use. Annually (or more often if needed), clean the entire  dryer vent duct run from the dryer to the exterior termination point. Why it Matters (Inspector's View):  Lint buildup is a serious fire hazard and reduces dryer efficiency. Obstructed vents are a common safety finding. Protect Your Investment with Preventative Care Spending a weekend on spring maintenance might not sound exciting, but it's one of the best investments you can make in your home. It helps prevent costly repairs, improves safety and comfort, and keeps your property in top shape – something any future buyer (and their inspector!) will appreciate. If you're considering buying or selling a home, or if you uncover issues during your spring check-up that concern you, WEST EGG is here to help. Our comprehensive inspections provide a clear, unbiased assessment of a property's condition. Stay proactive this spring! Your home will thank you for it. Need a professional eye? Contact WEST EGG Inspections and Home Services today for your home inspection needs in the Twin Cities area!

In recent years, the United States has witnessed a significant increase in the adoption of smart home devices, marking a transformative shift in the way Americans interact with their living spaces. From intelligent thermostats keeping your living room nice and cozy and automated lighting systems setting the scene to voice-activated assistants switching on your coffee machine first thing in the morning, these cutting-edge technologies have become integral components of modern households. Granted, there are still some issues to be resolved, as compatibility remains a major headache for smart home enthusiasts. But apart from that and the inevitable realization that hitting a switch is actually a pretty convenient way of turning on the lights, the potential convenience and efficiency gains offered by well set-up smart home devices cannot be denied. But how smart are American homes almost a decade after Amazon introduced the Amazon Echo and Alexa, giving the smart home its voice? According to data from Statista Consumer Insights, 85 percent of Americans own at least one smart home device. That is if you consider entertainment devices such as smart TVs or streaming sticks/set-top boxes part of the smart home. As our chart shows, it’s exactly these types of devices that are most commonly found in U.S. homes, with smart TVs the undisputed number one. Using a narrower definition of smart home, connected security cameras, lightbulbs and plugs are among the most popular devices, with adoption rates of 20, 19 and 15 percent, respectively.

Over the last two centuries, the American home has undergone a dramatic transformation. What was once a modest shelter designed for large, multi-generational families has become an expansive space for fewer people. In 1790, the average home measured just 831 square feet and housed an average of 5.5 people. Fast forward to 2023, and the average home size has ballooned to 2,233 square feet, while the average household size has shrunk to 2.5 people. This shift reflects profound changes in society, economics, and lifestyle preferences. So, why are houses getting bigger while families are getting smaller? The answer lies in a combination of factors: economic growth, changing cultural values, advances in homebuilding, and the rise of personal comfort as a priority. Let’s take a closer look at the history of home sizes, household trends, and the key reasons behind this shift. A Brief History of the American Home Early American Homes (1790–1850) In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, homes were small and primarily functional. The average house in 1790 was 831 square feet, accommodating about 5.5 people per household. By 1850, homes had only grown slightly to 888 square feet, while household sizes remained the same. These early homes were built for practicality. Most families relied on agriculture, and large households were necessary for farming. Multi-generational living was common, with grandparents, parents, and children often under one roof. Extra space was not a priority—every square foot had to serve a purpose. The Turn of the 20th Century (1910) By 1910, the average home size had increased to 945 square feet, and the average household had shrunk to 4.5 people. This period saw the rise of industrialization, leading to urbanization and changes in family structure. People moved to cities for work, and extended families started living separately. The concept of the nuclear family—parents and children living alone—began taking hold. Additionally, technological advancements like indoor plumbing, electricity, and gas heating improved the functionality of homes, making smaller, more efficient spaces feasible. Post-War Boom and the Suburban Expansion (1970) The most dramatic shift in home size came after World War II. By 1970, the average house size had grown to 1,500 square feet, while the average household had shrunk to just over three people. Several factors drove this change: • Economic Prosperity: The post-war economic boom gave many Americans access to homeownership. Mortgage programs like the GI Bill made buying a house more affordable. • Suburbanization: The rise of the automobile and the expansion of highway systems led to suburban sprawl. Land was more readily available, allowing for larger homes. • Cultural Shifts: The American Dream increasingly included a spacious home with a backyard, white picket fence, and modern amenities. The introduction of mass production in homebuilding, spearheaded by companies like Levitt & Sons, also made larger homes more affordable. The Modern McMansion Era (2019–2023) By the 21st century, home sizes exploded. In 2019, the average house size reached 2,496 square feet, despite the average household dropping to 2.5 people. Key drivers of this trend included: • Rising Wealth and Consumerism: Higher disposable incomes allowed Americans to invest in larger homes with more features. • Technological Advancements: Central air conditioning, energy-efficient materials, and smart home technology made bigger homes more appealing. • Desire for Personal Space: Homeowners now expect multiple bathrooms, dedicated home offices, media rooms, and large kitchens. Interestingly, in 2023, the average home size decreased slightly to 2,233 square feet, possibly due to economic shifts, rising interest rates, and a renewed focus on efficient living. Why Are Homes Getting Bigger? The steady increase in home size can be attributed to several key factors: 1. Rising Incomes and Affordability As the U.S. economy grew, so did Americans’ ability to afford larger homes. Increased wages, dual-income households, and easy access to credit made it possible to buy bigger houses with more amenities. 2. Changing Consumer Preferences In the 20th century, homeownership became a symbol of success. The American Dream expanded beyond just owning a home—it now included owning a big home with extra bedrooms, large kitchens, and entertainment spaces. Features like open floor plans, walk-in closets, and home theaters became standard. In recent years, the demand for home offices and exercise rooms has further increased home sizes. 3. Technological and Construction Advances New materials and construction techniques have made it cheaper and faster to build large homes. Prefabricated materials, drywall, and improved insulation have reduced costs while increasing efficiency. 4. Suburban Sprawl Unlike early American cities where space was limited, suburban expansion provided ample room for larger homes. Zoning laws often encouraged larger lot sizes, making big houses the norm. Why Are Households Getting Smaller? While homes have grown, household sizes have declined. The average household has shrunk from 5.5 people in 1790 to 2.5 people today. Several social and demographic shifts explain this trend: 1. Declining Birth Rates American families are having fewer children. In the early 1900s, it was common for families to have five or more kids, but today, the average is closer to two children or fewer. As a result, homes don’t need to accommodate as many people. 2. Longer Life Expectancy People are living longer, but many elderly individuals prefer to stay in their own homes rather than live with their adult children. This shift means fewer multi-generational households. 3. Rise of Single-Person Households More people are living alone due to delayed marriage, increased divorce rates, and changing social norms. Today, nearly 30% of U.S. households consist of just one person. 4. Economic and Career Factors Careers often require relocation, making it less practical for extended families to live together. Additionally, the increased cost of raising children has made large families less financially viable. Is Bigger Always Better? While larger homes offer more comfort and space, they also come with downsides: 1. Higher Costs Bigger homes mean higher mortgage payments, property taxes, utility bills, and maintenance costs. Many homeowners find themselves “house poor,” spending a significant portion of their income on their homes. 2. Environmental Impact Larger homes consume more energy and resources, contributing to higher carbon footprints. The trend toward energy-efficient, smaller homes has emerged in response to these concerns. 3. Changing Preferences Some homebuyers are pushing back against oversized homes. The tiny home movement, urban living, and interest in minimalism reflect a shift toward smaller, more efficient spaces. Conclusion: Where Are We Headed? The historical trend of increasing home sizes and shrinking households is unlikely to reverse overnight. However, factors like affordability challenges, environmental concerns, and changing lifestyles could slow the growth of home sizes in the future. While many Americans still dream of spacious homes, there’s a growing awareness that bigger isn’t always better. The future may bring a balance—homes that prioritize functionality, sustainability, and community living over sheer size. Ultimately, the evolution of the American home reflects our shifting values, priorities, and way of life. Whether big or small, the ideal home is one that meets the needs of those who live in it.

The tragic deaths of actor Gene Hackman and his wife, Betsy Arakawa, and their dog in their Santa Fe home have brought renewed attention to the dangers of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. While the exact cause of their deaths remains under investigation, initial speculations have considered CO poisoning as a potential factor.  What is Carbon Monoxide? Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels such as natural gas, propane, wood, and coal. Due to its undetectable nature, CO is often referred to as the “silent killer.” When inhaled, it binds to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity and leading to tissue damage and potentially death. Sources of Carbon Monoxide in the Home Common household sources of CO include: • Furnaces and Boilers: Malfunctioning heating systems can emit CO if not properly maintained. • Gas Water Heaters: Faulty units can release CO into the home. • Fireplaces and Wood Stoves: Improper ventilation or blockages can lead to CO buildup. • Gas Stoves and Ovens: Using these appliances for heating can produce dangerous CO levels. • Portable Generators: Running generators indoors or in enclosed spaces can result in CO accumulation. How Faulty Furnaces Contribute to CO Poisoning Furnaces are designed to safely burn fuel and vent exhaust gases, including CO, outside the home. However, several issues can compromise this safety: • Cracked Heat Exchangers: A damaged heat exchanger can allow CO to leak into the home’s air supply. • Blocked or Leaking Flue Pipes: Obstructions or leaks can prevent CO from being properly vented outdoors. • Inadequate Ventilation: Insufficient air supply can lead to incomplete combustion, increasing CO production. • Poor Maintenance: Neglecting regular furnace inspections and maintenance can result in undetected issues leading to CO leaks. Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Early symptoms of CO poisoning are often mistaken for the flu and may include: • Headache • Dizziness • Nausea • Fatigue • Shortness of breath Prolonged exposure can lead to more severe symptoms: • Confusion • Chest pain • Vision problems • Loss of consciousness Without prompt intervention, CO poisoning can be fatal. Preventing Carbon Monoxide Poisoning To safeguard your household from CO exposure: 1. Install CO Detectors: Place detectors near sleeping areas and on every level of your home. Regularly test and replace batteries as needed. 2. Regular Maintenance: Have heating systems, water heaters, and other fuel-burning appliances inspected annually by qualified professionals. 3. Ensure Proper Ventilation: Keep vents and flues free of debris and ensure they direct exhaust outside. 4. Use Appliances Correctly: Never use ovens or stoves to heat your home. Avoid running generators or grills indoors or in enclosed spaces. 5. Be Cautious with Vehicles: Do not leave cars running in garages, even with the door open, as CO can seep into living areas. Case Highlight: The Goldstein Family Tragedy In December 2024, the Goldstein family was found deceased in their New Hampshire vacation home due to a suspected CO leak from a malfunctioning propane heating system. The residence lacked CO detectors, underscoring the critical need for such devices in all homes.  Carbon monoxide poisoning is a preventable hazard. Regular maintenance of fuel-burning appliances, proper ventilation, and the installation of CO detectors are essential steps in protecting your household. Awareness and proactive measures can prevent tragedies associated with this silent killer. Minnesota Department of Health has an excellent brochure that can be found at this link: https://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/environment/air/docs/cobrochure.pdf and I've included it here as well as an attachment.

Throughout the crises of recent years, U.S. home prices have continued to climb. While the coronavirus pandemic and the advent of remote work saw demand and costs skyrocket, runaway inflation and Fed hikes caused mortgage rates to rise and slowed price increases somewhat. However, in July of 2024, Redfin estimated the median U.S. home price at $439,170. This is less than June's record of $442,479, but still more than when the market first moderated after the substantial Fed rate hikes (around $432,000 in May 2022). For comparison, in the 7 County Twin Cities Region ( Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott and Washington) the Minnesota Realtors® latest report for January 2025 shows the median price of homes at $375,000. And for the entire state of Minnesota: Between May of 2022 and March of 2020 - when the coronavirus pandemic began - the median U.S. home price increased by 42 percent, up from $304,000, when not adjusting for inflation. U.S. home sales used follow a cyclical pattern, with most demand and higher prices in summer and less demand a lower prices in winter. However, this dynamic has been somewhat upset since 2020. Since then, home prices have risen much more in-season than they have fallen off-season while the supply of homes for sale became more and more scarce. According to MarketWatch, the pandemic housing market actually collided with other, longer-term developments that were already putting pressure on the U.S. home market and its housing supply. Mortgage rates that were once again rising slightly were causing more Americans to stay put rather than move. Also, homeowners are older now than they used to be, but are more likely to "age in place" instead of downgrading, snowbirding or moving into retirement communities. The average time between moves had already reached a high of 13.5 years in 2020, increasing from just around ten years in 2012, and only started to fall again in 2021 as the pandemic prompted more moving activity.

In recent years, homeowners across the United States have faced skyrocketing costs for both new home construction and remodeling. The increase in material prices, labor shortages, and supply chain disruptions have all contributed to a surge in cost per square foot. But nowhere is this financial strain more devastating than in California, where homeowners affected by wildfires are discovering that their insurance policies no longer cover the actual cost of rebuilding their homes. This was highlighted in an article in today's MN Star Tribune, "For most fire victims, insurance won't pay enough to rebuild". Many Californians have long believed they were adequately insured—only to realize, when disaster strikes, that they are woefully underinsured. With the increasing frequency and intensity of wildfires, the gap between policy coverage and actual rebuilding costs has left thousands in financial ruin. As a HUD consultant I am privy to the details of the bids on remodeling projects ranging from $50 - $200K. Broken down by material and labor it never ceases to amaze me the costs related to the housing industry. This blog explores why the cost of home construction has risen so dramatically, how it has contributed to the underinsurance crisis, and what homeowners can do to protect themselves. Don't let this happen to you in your home, regardless of where you live. The Rising Cost Per Square Foot of Building and Remodeling The cost per square foot for both new home construction and remodeling has increased dramatically over the last decade. A home that cost $150 per square foot to build five years ago may now cost $250–$350 per square foot—or more, depending on location and materials used. Several key factors have contributed to this surge: 1. Supply Chain Disruptions and Material Costs The COVID-19 pandemic exposed deep vulnerabilities in global supply chains, leading to shortages of essential building materials like lumber, steel, and concrete. Prices for these materials have been highly volatile. For example, lumber prices quadrupled in 2021 before stabilizing, only to rise again in subsequent years due to increased demand and supply chain bottlenecks. Other materials—such as copper wiring, PVC pipes, and even drywall—have also seen significant price hikes. Tariffs on imported materials and trade disputes have further compounded these costs, making building projects more expensive than ever. 2. Labor Shortages in the Construction Industry The construction labor force has been shrinking, with fewer young workers entering the trades and experienced workers retiring. The shortage of skilled labor has driven up wages, making construction and remodeling projects more expensive. 3. Stricter Building Codes and Environmental Regulations In fire-prone areas like California, new building codes require homes to be more fire-resistant. While these measures are crucial for safety, they also add to construction costs. Features like fire-resistant siding, tempered glass, sprinkler systems, and non-combustible roofing materials have all increased the baseline cost of construction. Codes are constantly being modified and updated in cities, states, and across the country. 4. Increased Demand for Housing California’s ongoing housing crisis has pushed demand for new construction higher, further straining an already struggling supply chain. With more people seeking homes, competition for materials and labor has intensified, leading to higher costs. Again not just a California problem. Supply chains are constricted everywhere. It appears to be the new normal. The Underinsurance Crisis in California The rising cost per square foot of construction is not just an issue for those building new homes or undertaking renovations—it has also exposed a major flaw in homeowners’ insurance policies. Many California homeowners who have lost their homes in wildfires have discovered that their insurance payouts are far lower than the actual cost of rebuilding. 1. How Underinsurance Happens Many homeowners purchase insurance policies based on outdated estimates of what it would cost to rebuild their homes. This issue has been exacerbated by: • Inflation and Rising Construction Costs: If a home was insured for $300,000 five years ago, that amount might not be nearly enough to rebuild today. • Standard Policy Limits: Many policies include caps on coverage that do not adjust in real-time with market changes. • Failure to Update Policies: Homeowners often assume that their insurance provider will automatically adjust coverage levels, but that is not always the case. 2. The Impact of Wildfires and Climate Change Wildfires have become more destructive in recent years, fueled by prolonged droughts, extreme heat, and dry vegetation. Areas that were once considered safe from wildfires are now at risk, and the cost of rebuilding in these areas has surged. In some cases, homeowners are left with insurance payouts that cover only a fraction of the actual cost to rebuild, forcing them to take out loans, drain savings, or leave their communities altogether. 3. The Insurance Industry’s Response Insurance companies have responded to these rising risks by: • Increasing Premiums: Many homeowners have seen their insurance premiums double or triple. • Reducing Coverage: Some policies now exclude wildfire damage entirely, forcing homeowners to seek expensive specialty policies. • Withdrawing from High-Risk Areas: Some major insurers, including State Farm and Allstate, have stopped offering new homeowner policies in parts of California due to the financial risks associated with wildfires. What Homeowners Can Do to Protect Themselves For homeowners in California and other disaster-prone areas, underinsurance is a growing concern. Here are some steps to ensure your policy keeps up with rising construction costs: 1. Review and Update Your Insurance Policy Annually Don’t assume your policy will automatically adjust to market changes. Review your coverage each year to make sure it reflects the current cost per square foot to rebuild. 2. Consider Extended Replacement Cost Coverage Standard policies may not be enough. Look for policies with extended replacement cost coverage, which provides additional funds (often 25%–50% above the policy limit) in case rebuilding costs exceed expectations. 3. Get a Professional Rebuilding Cost Estimate Many insurance policies are based on outdated or generic estimates. Hire a contractor or independent appraiser to provide an up-to-date estimate of what it would cost to rebuild your home. 4. Keep an Updated Home Inventory In the event of a total loss, having a detailed inventory of your home’s contents will help ensure you receive a fair settlement. Document valuables, appliances, and upgrades with photos and receipts. Conclusion The rising cost per square foot of construction and the devastating impact of California wildfires have converged to create a crisis of underinsurance. Thousands of homeowners are finding themselves in financial ruin after losing their homes, not because they didn’t have insurance, but because their policies were based on outdated rebuilding costs. This is not an issue specific just to California. As construction costs continue to rise homeowners must take proactive steps to ensure they have adequate coverage. Reviewing policies and updating coverage limits with your insurance agent can make the difference between financial stability and devastation in the wake of a disaster. In the end, the best defense against underinsurance is awareness and preparation. With the right steps, homeowners can protect their investments and ensure that, should disaster strike, they have the financial resources to rebuild and recover.